A certificate of inheritance is obtained after the death of a family member to determine each heir's share of the estate; until it is obtained, heirs cannot sell, divide, or transfer assets, or withdraw from bank accounts.
2024-10-01
All persons are equal before the law and the courts. To guarantee that principle, equal treatment in judicial, quasi-judicial, and administrative proceedings is a requirement of fair process.
2024-09-26
Special government permission for the marriage of an Iranian woman to a foreign man: there is no doubt that a Muslim Iranian woman cannot marry a non-Muslim foreign man, and a marriage is valid and effective only where there is no legal impediment...
2024-09-21
Legal basis of the petition: under the Building Pre-Sale Act, a pre-sale contract must only be concluded through the execution of an official pre-sale deed before a notary public's office...
2024-09-16
The single-sheet property title deed is a type of property deed that, like any other property deed, shows the property owner's ownership, with the difference that property deeds were previously a multi-page booklet, whereas today the format has changed and, in its newest form, has become a single sheet...
2024-09-11
Judicial documents are papers that, under the law, carry particular legal weight in judicial proceedings and form part of a case file's contents. Below are the types of judicial documents and a complete explanation of each...
2024-09-06
Legal basis of the petition: in examining a request for the sale of jointly-owned property, attention must be paid to the lawsuit for partition and division of shared property and its direct connection to the lawsuit for selling shared property...
2024-09-01
A wrongful possession claim is the former possessor's allegation that another person, without their consent, has removed an immovable property from their possession.
2024-08-27
The illegitimate and unlawful transfer of any kind of property (movable or immovable) belonging to another -- whether the transfer concerns the property itself or its benefit -- by a person, whether natural or legal, to another person, in bad faith and through prior arrangements in the form of contracts, for the purpose of unlawfully obtaining material gain, is called the crime of transferring another's property...
2024-08-22
Problems with selling property using a mobayeh-nameh are heard about quite often these days. Many of our clients have sold their property using a mobayeh-nameh, and the buyer, without paying the full price, has fraudulently filed a lawsuit against the seller to take possession of the house...
2024-08-17
It often happens that, as a result of illness or an accident such as a car crash, a person suddenly falls into a coma, and in the meantime their relatives face difficulties in determining the status of their property...
2024-08-12
Inheritance means the transfer of a deceased person's property and assets to their heirs. Entitlement to inheritance is organized into different classes, based on a person's relationship to the deceased...
2024-08-07
Legal basis of the petition: this lawsuit arises in connection with commercial-property lease contracts that carry business/goodwill rights (haqq-e kasb-o-pisheh) and were concluded before 1997 (1376 SH)...
2024-08-02
Legal basis of the petition: to file such a petition, a lease contract must first have been concluded between the landlord and tenant, with a specific date set for delivery of the leased property to the tenant...
2024-07-28
A check is a widely used and important commercial instrument. One important issue is that a check sometimes goes unpaid because it was issued without sufficient funds.
2024-07-23
The municipal duties tariff is a specific directive prepared and issued by the Ministry of Interior pursuant to Article 30 of the Municipalities' Financial Bylaw. Failure to pay building municipal duties subjects your building to a penalty for non-payment...
2024-07-18
Legal basis of the petition for eviction for demolition and renovation: this type of eviction arises in connection with commercial-property lease contracts concluded before 1997 (1376 SH) and subject to the Landlord and Tenant Act adopted in 1977 (1356 SH)...
2024-07-13
Legal basis of the request: a construction-participation contract is a binding (lazem) contract and is not extinguished by the death, bankruptcy, or legal incapacity of one of the parties...
2024-07-08
A general power of attorney is a type of power of attorney in which the attorney-in-fact is granted authority to act in all financial and legal matters. In effect, the principal delegates all of their powers, obligations...
2024-07-03
A power of attorney (vekalat) refers to a contract under which one party appoints the other as their representative to carry out a particular matter. This contract terminates upon the death of either party, the attorney's resignation, or the attorney's removal by the principal, or upon the insanity of either party...
2024-06-28
Important points: 1. Under the law, whenever a person signs an official document, the presumption is that they have accepted the contents of that document, and if they claim they were unaware of its contents, they must prove that claim...
2024-06-23
Company registration is the starting point of a business -- added credibility, access to government benefits and bank loans, lasting brand-building, and eligibility to participate in tenders are among the benefits of registering a company...
2024-06-18
If a property does not have an official title deed and has not been registered with the deeds and properties registration office, and a dispute arises over ownership of that property, the person who purchased it or otherwise acquired it...
2024-06-13
For lease contracts concluded from 1997 onward, once the term ends the lease itself ends, and if the tenant keeps possession without the owner's permission, the landlord is entitled to the rental value (ajr-ol-mesl).
2024-06-08
In a construction-participation (joint-build) contract, the parties agree on costs and responsibility for paying them. Typically, the developer bears all costs of obtaining the necessary permits...
2024-06-03
A mortgage deed is an official document drafted at a notary's office, under which the mortgagor (rahen) or debtor places their property as collateral for their debt in mortgage to the mortgagee (morteh-en) or creditor...
2024-05-29
If, after the lease contract is concluded, or during the lease term, the property comes to require major repairs, the landlord is obligated to carry out the necessary repairs...
2024-05-24
Under the labor laws, after the working relationship with an employer ends, workers and employees who meet the legal conditions are entitled to receive unemployment insurance. One of the most important points to note about the laws in this area is the legal definition of "unemployed"...
2024-05-19
Manufacturers and business owners always choose a name for their products that, once recognized by their target market (customers), becomes their identity. The first step in starting any business activity, whether manufacturing or services, is choosing and registering a trademark...
2024-05-14
The Judiciary of the Islamic Republic of Iran has launched the Sana system for Iranians abroad, and with this system the problems and issues of Iranians residing outside the country will be resolved more easily and quickly...
2024-05-09
One of the problems our dear compatriots abroad face is handling the legal matters they need attended to inside Iran...
2024-05-04
Many people's problems in real estate transactions stem from unfamiliarity with legal issues, which can lead to disputes and lawsuits before the courts.
2024-04-29
The previous article covered legal points relevant to current real-estate transactions under the latest applicable laws.
2024-04-24
Under Islamic law, jurisprudential definitions, and the country's statutes, if a person, whether intentionally or unintentionally, harms the life or physical well-being of another, this gives rise to liability for diyeh (blood money)...
2024-04-19
Under Islamic law, the consumption of alcoholic beverages is prohibited under all circumstances. Driving under the influence, in addition to being a traffic violation, is also a separate offense under the criminal laws...
2024-04-14
Air pollution is one of the fundamental environmental challenges, with serious consequences for human health, the economy, and ecosystems.
2024-04-09
Introduction: many people, in everyday life, encounter phrases like 'they slandered me,' 'they lied,' or 'they ruined my reputation.' But are all of these behaviors legally the same?...
2024-04-04
Sexual assault is one of the most serious crimes against a person's physical integrity and dignity, for which Iranian lawmakers have provided severe punishments. But in practice, many people do not know exactly how assault is legally defined...
2024-03-30
Which offenses are pardonable? In Iran's criminal system, some offenses can only be prosecuted on the complainant's accusation, and stop if the complainant forgives.
2024-03-25
Under the Civil Code, people unable to manage their financial or non-financial affairs need someone to help them. Here is who that person is and how they are appointed.
2024-03-20
Under Article 1168 of the Civil Code, raising children is both a right and a duty of the parents. Under Article 1169, the mother has priority until age seven.
2024-03-15
Under the Civil Code, a divorce petition filed by the husband and one filed by the wife follow very different rules. Here are the conditions for each.
2024-03-10
Written by Seyed Amir Alemohamad, attorney at law, on the new mahriyeh reform reducing the criminal ceiling from 110 to 14 gold coins.
2024-03-05
If you don't have a passport, how can you return to Iran? A guide to obtaining a laissez-passer (return document) from Iranian embassies.
2024-02-29
Mahriyeh is property the husband commits, in the official marriage contract, to pay his wife. Here is what it can consist of and how it is collected.
2024-02-24
After marriage, spouses have mutual rights and duties. One of a wife's rights is nafaqa — the husband is obligated to support his wife and children.
2024-02-19
Under Article 1133 of the Civil Code and Sharia law, the right to divorce belongs to the husband. Here is how that right can be delegated to the wife.
2024-02-14
Iranian law sets out specific, mandatory requirements for the marriage of Iranian women to foreign nationals, including special government permission.
2024-02-09
Once a divorce is finalized, spouses become legally and religiously unrelated to one another and owe each other no further marital duties. What about inheritance?
2024-02-04
A perspective from Mahsan Mohajer, attorney at law, on whether Iran's new mahriyeh (dower) law truly protects women's financial rights.
2024-01-30
Clean Air Act -- adopted 25/04/1396 (July 16, 2017), with subsequent amendments. This is a full, article-by-article translation of the statute; readers should obtain current legal advice before relying on it, as Iranian statutes are frequently amended.
2024-01-25
Is selling followers or hacked accounts a crime? A legal review of buying and selling followers, likes, and hacked accounts in Iran.
2024-01-20
A complete legal guide for defendants and debtors in criminal cases regarding exit bans (travel bans) imposed for financial crimes in Iran.
2024-01-15
